Leslie Marmon Silko Essay - 962 Words

Lit211J February 19, 2012 Wk 5 Silko Annotation She retraces the mountain of her ancestry every single day quietly. In the wind she can smell the scent of her ancestors made from crushed pale blue leaves of the mountain. The smell is coming from up the mountain side from which her ancestors descended from, where the mountain lion laid down and ate their deer. It is better to be where she once came from, where her ancestors came from, up on that mountain watching nature. The elderly that remember it once are all gone, the old songs of ancestors are forgotten, and the story where it all began died with its memory. The memory of the culture dances in the snow frost moonlight, swam in the freezing mountain water, went through the†¦show more content†¦The protagonist looks deep into her soul to grab her ancestry. This is what allows her to use her senses and find it in her every day bearing. The spirits of the ancestors roam the earth and go back up to that mountain where she originated from. It is because of them that she ca n still remember her culture, it lives within her and her surroundings. She is connected with the spirits and is unable to part with them, there is almost an interdependency with them. Thomas from the movie Smoke Signals tries very hard to remain connected with his Native American Ancestors. Thomas likes to think of himself as a story teller like those of his ancestor tribes. He spends his time telling people stories that are based on reality and fiction in order to create symbolism and meaning to life. Arnold uses nature and its elements to describe many of his stories. An example of this is when he describes himself and Victor as children of fire and ash. Like Silko, he uses elements to describe where he came from. At times it seems as though Thomas does not really understand his ancestry but continues to try and use their ways in his story telling. Victor struggles to identify himself as a Native American. We see him describe what an Indian is supposed to be like and it is loosely connected with his ancestry. Unlike the protagonist of the poem he is unable to connect with the land and his ancestors. The protagonist mentions that the memory of her people hasShow MoreRelatedCeremony By Leslie Marmon Silko1262 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the events that transpire in the novel â€Å"Ceremony† by Leslie Marmon Silko. We are granted a glimpse into the life of a native American from the Laguna tribe named Tayo. We witness Tayo’s recovery from Battle Fatigue; now known as PTSD, which he contracted while fighting in World War 2. throughout the novel, we witness Tayo’s interactions with the people around him, as he tries to cope with his demons. Through these interactions we also get a feel about how Tayo fits in with his communityRead MoreCeremony By Leslie Marmon Silko1035 Words   |  5 Pages Ceremony by L eslie Marmon Silko is a novel written multidimensionally to portray the traditions and ceremonial practices of the Native American. Silko describes the rebuilding of the Native American culture by writing the real story and poems in the alternate story. The animal symbolism is an integral piece of the novel’s importance that reflects characters and the Native American culture with the use of them in metaphors. Silko respectfully depicts the animals, such as cattle, Fly and HummingbirdRead MoreAnalysis Of Ceremony By Leslie Marmon Silko1054 Words   |  5 Pages Your True Identity There comes a point in most people’s lives, where we start looking for the meaning of life. Questioning who we are, why we are here, and what our purpose is. In the novel Ceremony, Leslie Marmon Silko paints a picture of self-acceptance and self-discovery. With the help of Tayo’s story between the struggle of his past and his present self, Betonie’s tolerance for the world, and the motif of alcoholism we are able to make this overall statement. In this novel, the charactersRead MoreLegacy of Leslie Marmon Silko Essay1404 Words   |  6 PagesHistorical / Cultural Background Leslie Marmon Silko was born on March 5, 1948 in Albuquerque, New Mexico to Leland (Lee) Howard Marmon and Mary Virginia Leslie. She is Pueblo Laguna, Mexican and Euro-American heritage. Silko grew up near the Laguna Pueblo Indian Reservation in Southwest New Mexico. She attended both BIA (Bureau of Indian Affairs) schools and parochial schools. Her Native American family made sure she had an understanding of Native American traditions which included storytellingRead MoreThe Impact Of War As Portrayed In Ceremony By Leslie Marmon Silko 1095 Words   |  4 PagesThe Impact Of War As Portrayed In Ceremony By Leslie Marmon Silko Introduction Leslie Marmon Silkos Ceremony, the most important novel of the Native American Renaissance, is among the most widely taught and studied novels in higher education today. In it, Silko recounts a young mans search for consolation in his tribes history and traditions, and his resulting voyage of self-discovery and discovery of the world. The main character Tayo must come to terms with himself and his surrounding environmentRead MoreEssay about Leslie Marmon Silko, â€Å"Lullaby†621 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican Mosaic, July 2011 FOCUS: Leslie Marmon Silko, â€Å"Lullaby† â€Å"Lullaby† is a short story that first appeared in a book entitled Storyteller in 1981. This was a book written by Leslie M. Silko that uses short stories, memories, poetry, family pictures, and songs to present her message. The book is concerned, in general, with the tradition of story-telling as it pertains to the Native American culture. Lullaby seems to be a story of tradition, change, death, loss and the tensionsRead MoreCeremony by Leslie Marmon Silko: Evolving Traditions1475 Words   |  6 PagesEvolving Traditions In the novel, Ceremony, Leslie Marmon Silko writes about an Indian veteran and his struggle to deal with the stresses of war. Early in the novel Silko reveals some of the rituals that the Laguna Indians perform. One of these traditions is the ritual they go through after they have hunted in order to show their appreciation for the animal, in this case a deer. Some of the other Laguna traditions include the rain dances they perform during a draught and various other ceremoniesRead MoreLeslie Marmon Silko s The Border Patrol State1385 Words   |  6 PagesLeslie Marmon Silko is a Tucson based Laguna Pueblo fiction author and poet. Having been based in the southwestern area since 1978, she began to notice the increase in border security and checkpoints. In 1994, her essay, â€Å"The Border Patrol State,† was published in The Nation magazine. In it, she explains her concerns and criticisms for the development and enforcement of the US-Mexican border, arguing that it is an infringement on the free right to travel. She backs these arguments up with a seriesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Man Fly Send Rain Clouds By Leslie Marmon Silko948 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Man to Send Rain Clouds† by Leslie Marmon Silko: This story tells of the death of a tribal elder (Teofilo). Upon his death, his grandsons, Leon and Ken, secure his body and proceed to apply their cultural rituals for a burial. â€Å"Before they wrapped the Oldman, Leon took a piece of string out of his pocket and tied a small gray feather in the old man’s long white hair. Ken gave him the paint. Across the brown wrinkled forehead, he drew a streak of white and along the high cheekbones he drew aRead MoreLeslie Marmon Silko871 Words   |  4 PagesLeslie Marmon Silko#8217;s work is set apart due to her Native American Heritage. She writes t hrough #8216;Indian eyes#8217; which makes her stories very different from others. Silko is a Pueblo Indian and was educated in one of the governments#8217; BIA schools. She knows the culture of the white man, which is not uncommon for modern American Indians. Her work is powerful and educating at the same time. In this paper, I will discuss three different works by Silko (Lullaby, Storyteller

Australian Film, Gallipoli, Shows the Willpower and Drive...

Gallipoli, as the title suggests, is a portrayal of the historical event in which thousands of Australian soldiers went off to fight for their country. Peter Weir, the director of Gallipoli has not simply presented the facts about the war, nor has he tried to relay the story of this time, instead he has attempted to convey the legend of Gallipoli through the Australians feelings towards the event using pre-existing myths to portray this tragedy of war. Gallipoli was directed by Peter Weir, an Australian film director. After playing the leading role in the Australian New Wave cinema with his films such as Picnic at Hanging Rock, The Last Wave and Gallipoli, Weir directed a diverse group of American and International films – many on them major box office hits – including the Academy Award nominees. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallipoli_(1981_film) ) Gallipoli is a marvellous movie that demonstrates the beginning of the ANZAC tradition, a very important historical event in Australian history. The movie Gallipoli displays the strength, willpower and the drive that Australian’s have to keep over mateship, family also friends. Gallipoli demonstrations what the Australian filming industry are truly capable, making a movie about a true story and convening the emotion of the war had on the Australian’s into a movie. Gallipoli was shot in Western Australian As a typical Australian film, main or important characters die. Australian films are unlike American film. Aussie films

Coup dÃ…il - French Expression

Expression: Un coup dÅ“ilPronunciation: [koo deuy]Meaning: glance, glimpse, quick lookLiteral translation: blow/stroke of the eyeRegister: Normal Notes The French expression un coup dÅ“il indicates a quick glance and can be used with many different verbs.   Examples The most common  is  jeter  (to throw):  Ã‚     jeter un coup dÅ“il à   / dans / sur   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to glance at / in / on   Ã‚  Ã‚  jeter un coup dÅ“il autour de soi   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to glance around (oneself)   Ã‚  Ã‚  jeter un coup dÅ“il pour voir si...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to take a look to see if... The verb lancer (to throw, hurl, fling) can be used interchangeably with jeter in the above expressions. Related Expressions There are some different types of coups dÅ“il:   un (petit) coup dÅ“il discret - quick glance, discreet look  un coup dÅ“il en dessous - shifty look  un coup dÅ“il furieux - furious glance  un coup dÅ“il furtif - quick glance, furtive look  un coup dÅ“il indiffà ©rent - perfunctory glance  un coup dÅ“il rà ©trospectif - retrospect, look back Un coup dÅ“il can also be used with a few other verbs, for various meaning changes: apprà ©cier dun coup dÅ“il - to sum up, assessavoir le coup dÅ“il pour - to have an eye for, have a gift for, be good at spottingiler un coup dÅ“il (informal) - to take a lookjauger dun coup dÅ“il - to size up at a glancevaloir le coup dÅ“il - to be worth seeing More Expressions   au premier coup dÅ“il - at first glance  un beau coup dÅ“il - nice view  dun coup dÅ“il - at a glance  jeter un Å“il (informal) - to have a look, check out

The Shakespearean Sonnet Essay - 639 Words

Shakespeares language and dialogue signifies a range of human emotions and conditions that are timeless and explain his broad appeal even today. He is highly regarded for his love sonnets which convey an unchanging attitude and consummate romantic imagery that will always exist in the world as long as there are people. He has created words, phrases, and clich#233;s that have become so intrinsic in English language, that many people do not even know they are actually quoting him. Shakespeares Sonnet Let me not to the marriage of true minds is a perfect example of this and one of the most beautiful love poems of all time. The subject is the immutability of true love. In this sonnet, the author defines love first by telling us what†¦show more content†¦Metaphorically, Shakespeare compares love to a motionless pathfinder which withstands the storm and is not swayed by it, and to a polestar which guides mariners at sea. The ship tossed in the storm, and the star that guides its way are images of great beauty and depth of feeling. The lost ship speaks to each and every individual lost in the sea of our own emotions. The star can be thought of in the astronomical as well as the astrological or metaphysical sense. Although the stars altitude can be measured, its value is immeasurable. The height or altitude is its scientifically calculable measure but the worth is unknown. Shakespeare repeats words to strengthen his proclamation of the immutability of true love. In lines 2-3, Love is not love which alters when it alteration finds, is echoed in line 11, Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks. The word bends in line 4 recurs later in the bending sickle of Time, and the image is so clear of the flower-like charm being struck down by Time. Time, says Shakespeare, cannot injure true love, although it does ravish beauty. Again, to say it the other way round, if feeling wanes with the passage of Time, then it isnt really love. True love lasts, not only til death do us part, but until the end of time. The concept of living forever through poetry is echoed in the sonnet Not Marble, Nor the Gilded Monuments, that through the poem itself, as through all great art, Love is immortalized. ShakespeareShow MoreRelatedSonnet s Sonnet : Sonnet And Shakespearean895 Words   |  4 PagesHowever, I realize that is not true after I learn about sonnet in the class.._______________ Usually, sonnet use rhyme a lot. There is two major pattern of rhyme on sonnet: Petrarchan (or Italian) sonnet and Shakespearean (or English) Sonnet. Both of sonnets have different pattern of rhyme. More intro A poem consisting of a single stanza of fourteen lines, the lines are mainly iambic pentameter and linked by an intricate rhyme scheme. A sonnet is a poetic form, which originated in Italy. It is a EuropeanRead MoreFar On The Sands : A Shakespearean Sonnets1536 Words   |  7 Pagesnature. While the sonnets share a setting and the topics of nature and tranquility, Smith’s has a focus on introspection and Wordsworth’s is centered around religion. These have different focuses which achieve different effects on the reader. One of the ways that the two poems differ is in structure. While both are sonnets, Smith’s poem is a Shakespearean sonnet and Wordsworth’s lacks traditional structure. In â€Å"Far on the sands,† Smith utilizes the form of a Shakespearean sonnet to enhance its themeRead MoreComparison: Petrarchan and Shakespearean Sonnets1188 Words   |  5 PagesThrough the form of sonnet, Shakespeare and Petrarch both address the subject of love, yet there are key contrasts in their style, structure, and in the manner, each approaches their subjects. Moreover, in Sonnet 130, Shakespeare, in fact, parodies Petrarchs style and thoughts as his storyteller describes his mistress, whose eyes are in no way as the sun (Shakespeare 1918). Through his English poem, Shakespeare seems to mock the exaggerated descriptions expanded throughout Petrarch’s work byRead MoreComparing the Sonnets of Petrarchan and Shakespearean in Style, Structure and Subject Approach1180 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare and Petrarch, two poets popular for their contributions on the issue of love, both tackle the subject of their work through sonnet, yet there are key contrasts in their style, structure, and in the way, each approaches their subjects. Moreover, it is clear that in Sonnet 130, Shakespeare in fact parodies Petrarchs style and thoughts as his storyteller describes his mistress, whose eyes are in no way as the sun (Shakespeare 1918). Shakespeare seems, by all accounts, to mock the exaggeratedRead MoreImagery and Personification in Robert Frost ´s Poem: Mowing682 Words   |  3 PagesRobert Frost was a poet known for his writings that depicted the rural lifestyle of New England around the turn of the century. In this sonnet, Frost brings our interpretation and understanding of the life of a farmer working his field to a much deeper level. Frost’s Mowing, without following the style of a Petrarchan or Shakespearean sonnet, employs the figurative techniques of personification and imagery in order to break down a farmer’s monologue and tell us how working the field is a good, rewardingRead MoreAnalyzing Sonnet 18 961 Words   |  4 Pagesyou still probably know this famous poem. Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare is one of the most well-known poems of all time. Time and time again this piece of art has influenced contemporary pieces. Some examples of this would be; the song â€Å"Sonnet 18† by Pink Floyd, a novel titled The Darling Buds of May by H E Bates, and a famous essay â€Å"Rough Winds Do Shake† written by Maeve Landman. Now this doesn’t not include the endless, countless list of times when Sonnet 18 has been quoted throughout history,Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 116981 Words   |  4 Pagesproduced. â€Å"To the world, he left a lasting legacy in the form of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and two narrative poems† (â€Å"The Life of William Shakespeare†). William Shakespeare’s play s, sonnets, and narrative poems are still appreciated and read today. One of his famous works is his sonnet, Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds, which is also referred to as sonnet 116. Sonnet 116 was first published in the year 1609. In his sonnet Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds, Shakespeare’s use of end rhyme, iambicRead More Shakespeares Sonnet #73 Essay787 Words   |  4 Pages Shakespeares Sonnet #73, published in 1609, is written in the Shakespearean or English sonnet style. It consists of three quatrains and one couplet at the end, written in iambic pentameters. Each quatrain has its own rhyme scheme, rhyming in alternating lines. The couplet summarizes the preceding twelve lines. Sonnet 73 appears to contain multiple parallels to death and the person speaking in the poem gives the impression that he is near death and reflecting back upon life. The first quatrain,Read MoreThe Sonnet Is Derived From The Italian Word1662 Words   |  7 Pagesword sonnet is derived from the Italian word â€Å"sonetto† meaning â€Å"little song†. The history of the sonnet can be traced back to Italian origin where it influenced the rest of the world becoming a widely used strict poetic form for famous sonneteers. The sonnet sprung around the 13th century, according to the Folger Shakespeare Library it became significant in Italy when Francesco Petrarch first used it. This essay will discuss the Petrarchan sonnet, Spenserian sonnet and the Shakespearean sonnet. WeRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 181231 Words   |  5 PagesShakespearean sonnets are famous for conveying the most famous of love poems; they consist of three quatrains that are written in iambic pentameter. Shakespeare deviates from the regular iamb pattern of one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable to represent the effect of time and how it is limited by mortality. William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 illustrates the theme of immortalization and how Shakespeare eternally captures his love for poetry. It is in his ability to immortalize his

Discipline Versus Child Abuse Free Essays

Discipline versus Child Abuse Tiara Loving February 2, 2011 Criminal Justice 100 Homework Assignment #1 Is there such a thing as too much discipline? How far can a person go with discipline before it turns into child abuse? How do a person know if they are performing child abuse? These are the three main questions that raise a debate when the subjects discipline and child abuse are put in one sentence. What some people might call discipline others may say is child abuse. Gaining the knowledge and education of what is right and what is wrong is the key to preventing discipline from becoming child abuse. We will write a custom essay sample on Discipline Versus Child Abuse or any similar topic only for you Order Now As stated in the American Heritage College Dictionary, discipline is defined as â€Å"training expected to produce a specific character or pattern of behavior. † Child abuse is defined as â€Å"mistreatment of a child by a parent or guardian, including neglect, beating, and sexual molestation† on dictionary. com. Unfortunately, a parent or guardian training a child to produce a specific character or pattern behavior may lead to mistreating or neglecting a child unintentionally. It is legal to spank a child but it is also illegal to beat them. Spanking a child may be considered as light licks on the legs or bottom. Beating a child may consist of bruising or drawing blood. But what works for one child might not be any good for the other. One child can learn a lesson from a spanking but if a parent spank’s the other child, it might not have an effect on him at all. That is when alternatives come in. Either way a parent decides to punish that child, that parent’s point will be made or that child will have learned a lesson. There is nothing wrong with disciplining a child for doing something he was not supposed to have done. Punishing a child will serve as a warning to let that child know that if he ever did something bad again, there will be a consequence. There are many ways to discipline a child without performing child abuse. For example, if a child is at school and acts inappropriate towards his peers or the teacher, he can be giving a spanking, a timeout or some of his privileges can be taken away from him. That child might think the parent is being mean or obnoxious, but that entire time that parent is really showing how much they love and care for that child. As a kid, I would get into trouble a lot. Of course there would be a consequence, and a few words that came along with it. I will never forget the words my mother said to me as I received my spanking: â€Å"I am only doing this because I love you and I want you to do what is right no matter what the situation is. If I do not whip you, you will continue to do the same thing, so I have to teach you a lesson. † As I got older, I realized that she really cared. I felt that I did not want to embarrass her or myself any longer and that is when I decided that I was going to do what was expected of me. Parents have the right to lead their kids by example but they must do it the right way. On the other hand, damaging a child’s self-esteem, self confidence and making him feel unloved or wanted is considered to be child abuse. Why would a parent want to see their child suffer, especially without any cause? If a parent does not want another person or child harming their child intentionally, then why would that parent commit abuse? There are many examples of child abuse but I decided to press the issue on one example. A woman just found out that she has gotten pregnant. The pregnancy was unplanned and the baby’s father does not want to be a part of that new life, but she decides to keep the child. When the baby arrives, the woman is frustrated because she realizes she cannot take care of herself and the baby mentally, physically, emotionally or financially. The woman now decides to take her anger and frustrations out on the child and that is where the abuse comes in because she does not know what else to do. Sometimes not disciplining a child can be considered child abuse as well. Everyone knows that a parent has to let a child be child. But when a parent lets the child get away with things a little too much, it is time to let that child know that enough is enough. Since that child feels that he has not been stopped before, he has the right to continue to do what he pleases. The parent needs to tell the child that they are the adult and he is the child will definitely set the boundaries. The parent is going to ruin that child if they let him into the world thinking that he can do what he please. That is the first step to abusing that child and others are going to do the same if do not step in to guide him. The parent has to learn to say ‘NO’ every once in a while so the child can get used to hearing that word. The parent has to know that they cannot be their child’s best friend and the child has to abide by their rules. If a parent does not start at home by forcing the rules upon the child, then they are giving the world permission to keep the abuse up. Again, the three main questions come to mind. Is there such a thing as too much discipline? How far can you go with discipline before it turns into child abuse? How do you know if you are performing child abuse? A parent might feel that no one can tell them how to raise their child. So they may feel the need to punish the child however they want. The parent says it is discipline. The outside world might say it is child abuse if they see a child is being mistreated in a way that they feel that is not right. A parent might have their own personal reasons to why they punish their child the way they do. Maybe it is discipline—then again it may be child abuse. There are people out in the world that feel that they can care for a child better than that child’s parent. Sometimes those people are eager to take that child that they feel are being abused away from that parent. I would tell those parents to choose a more logical way of what they do to their child and how they do it. However a parent decides to punish their child is on them. The parent just need be careful of how they do it because they might not have their child any longer–or even worse, thrown in jail! How to cite Discipline Versus Child Abuse, Essay examples

Kennedy Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Kennedy Persuasive Essay John Fitzgerald Kennedy became the 35th president of the United States in1961. At the age of forty-three, he was the youngest man ever elected president. He was also the first Roman Catholic ever elected to the oval office. Rich,handsome, charming, elegant, articulate, and from a well known family, Kennedybecame a natural recipiant of admiration both in the United States and abroad. His assassination in Dallas, Texas on November 23, 1963 resulted in publicoutrage and widespread mourning throughout the nation and the World. Kennedysterm in office was too short to allow history to pass fair and acurate judgementon his accomplishments as president. Their is little doubt, however, that theimage and philosphy, he brought to the oval office not only influenced thegeneration he governed, but also continues to influence todays generation andpolitics in general. Indeed, Camelot, the name given to the idyllictime during Kennedys presidency, is not a dead mythology but a living idealogythat continues in American society today. John Fitzgerald Kennedy (he latestgained the nick name Jack) was born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline,Massachusetts. He was Joseph ; Rose Kennedys second son. His father was amultimillionaire businessman, who had became a bank president at the age of 25,and made his fortune through investments in stocks, importing, shipbuilding, andmoviemaking. Joe Ken nedys political experince was limited to being appointedthe first chairman of the newly created Securities and Exchange Commission(1934-1935) by president Franklin D. Roosevelt, and having served as the head ofthe U.S. Maritime Commission (1937), as well as being the U.S. ambassador toGreat Britain (1937-1940). Even though Joseph Kennedy never ran for an electedoffice himself, he and his wife had large ambitions for their nine children. John Kennedy was groomed for a career in politics from an early age. Growing upKennedy was small for his age and suffered through several childhood diseases. As a child he was quite and shy, a far cry from his personality traits in hislater years. During his childhood his older brother Joe helped and protectedhim, and served as a role model for young Jack. From an early age the Kennedychildren were taught by their parents that the United States had been good tothe Kennedys and that whatever the U.S. did for them must be returned by someservice to the country. Jack took this idea to heart. Later it became the basisfor a famous line from his inaguration speach in which Kennedy said: Asknot what your country can do for you ask what you can do for yourcountry. In school Kennedy excelled in history and english, but was a poorspeller and struggled in math and science. Kennedys sixth grade teacher notedhis humor and competitive spirit. Kennedy graduated from Choate High School inWallingford Connecticut and briefly attended Princeton University beforeenrolling in Harvard in 1936. While attending Harvard Kennedy wrote a brillianthonors thesis on British Foreign policies in the 1930s called Why EnglandSlept, which was later published. He graduated in 1940 and was voted mostlikely to suceed by his classmates. In 1941 Kennedy entered the the U.S. Navyshortly before the United States entered World War II. Following Pearl Harbor heapplied for sea duty and became the commander of PT 109, a Navy torpedo boat. In1943, while on active duty of the Pacific, the boat he commanded was rammed andsunk by the Japanese. In an act of heroism, Kennedy rescued and lead his crewashore, but in doing so aggravated an old back injury and contracted malaria. Hewas discharged from the Navy in 1945. Kennedy returned home to Boston from thewar with a citation for valor to began persuit of the political career hisparents had envisioned for him. In 1946, the rich and ambitious young veteranjoined the Democratic party and successfully ran for a Boston-based seat in theU.S. House of Representatives. He was reelected to the seat in 1948 and 1950. Asa congr essman Kennedy supported social legislation that benefited hisworking-class constituents. It was during his tenure in congress that he beganto advocate a strong anti-communist foreign policy, which he continued topromote for the remainer of his life. During this time Kennedy was especiallycritical of what he considered a weak policy against communism, especiallycommunist China, by president Truman. Kennedy become restless in the House andin 1952 ran for the U.S. Senate. He faced a strong opponent in the form ofrepublican incumbent senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.. Although the republicanpresidental candidate, Dwight Eisenhower, won in Massachusetts as well as thecountry as a whole, Kennedy demonstrated his remarkable voter appeal bydefeating Lodge. One year later, on September 12, 1953, Kennedy marriedJacqueline Bouvier. The couple had three children: Caroline Bouvier, JohnFitzgerald Jr., and a second son who died in infancy. Kennedy proved to be arelatively ineffectual senator. Durin g parts of 1954 and 1955 he was seriouslyill with back ailments and for that reason was unable to play an important rolein government. Kennedys critics observed that he made no effort to ooppos theanti-civil-libertarian excesses of Sen. Joesph McCarthy. His friends and stafflater argued that he would have voted to censure McCarthy if he had not beenhospitalized at the time. During his sickness Kennedy wrote a book ofbiographical studies of American political heroes. It was published in 1956under the title Profiles in Courage and won a Pulitzer Prize forbiography in 1957. Like his earlier book on British foreign policy, the bookrevealed Kennedys admiration and respect for forceful politcal figures. In 1956Kennedy, with his familys input, once again decided it was time to further hispolitical ambitions. He bid unsuccessfully for the Democratic vice-presidentialnomination. Following the setback, he set his sights on the presidency,especially following his reelection to the senate in 19 58. He continued duringthese years to support a strong anti-communist foreign policy. Regardingdomestic issues Kennedy was a cautious liberal, backing a compromised civilrights bill in 1957. He also devoted special efforts to labor legislation. Bythe time of the 1960 presidential election Kennedy was only one of manyDemocrats with aspiriations for the partys presidential nomination. During thedemocratic race Kennedy once again showed his political shrewdness by puttingtogether a well-financed, highly organized campaign and won the nomination onthe first ballot. In another politically clever move, as a Roman Catholic fromthe North, he selected Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas as his running mate in orderto stregthen his weak support in the South. Kennedy faced a strong challengefrom republican nominee and sitting vice-president Richard Nixon but was able topreform well in a series of television debates against Nixon, using poised andvigorous performances to win over voters. He promised tou gher defense policiesand progressive health, housing, and civil rights programs. He also promised tolead the nation out of economic stagnation through his New Frontierplan. Kennedy won the election by a narrow margin of 113,000 votes out of68,800,000 cast, but had to accept reduced Democratic majorities in Congress. In1961, his first year in office, Kennedy experienced a series of politicalsetbacks due to a series of adverse international developments. He inherited asecret plan to overthrow Fidel Castro in Cuba from the previous administrationof Dwight Eisenhower. Kennedy approved an invasion of Cuba in April by refugeesacting with the help of the U.S. agencies. The quick and decisive failure of theBay of Pigs invasion resulted in personal embarrassment for Kennedy. Later inthe spring Kennedy pondered sending U.S. troops into Laos, which was beingthreatened by Communist insurgents. He flew to Vienna in June to meet withSoviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev. They agreed on a neutralized L aos, but Kennedywas threathen by Khrushchevs statement that West Berlin was a bone in mythroat. When the Soviet Union built a wall between the eastern and westernparts of Berlin in August, Kennedy responded by sending 1,500 U.S. troops toBerlin. Cold war tensions increased when the Soviet Union sent the first maninto space in April and resumed atmospheric nuclear tests in September. In thefall of 1962 rumors began to circulate that nuclear-armed Soviet missiles werebeing set up in Cuba. In October, U.S. intelligence confirmed that middle-rangemissiles were being installed. After a week of secret meetings with hisadvisers, the president announced his plan to place a naval blockade around Cubato prevent the arrival of more missiles. He demanded that the Soviet Uniondismantle and remove the missiles that had been detected. On October 28Khrushchev gave in to Kennedys demands and the president removed the blockadeand reassured the Soviet Union that U.S. would not invade Cuba. The Sovietr etreat was considered a personal and political victory for Kennedy. Kennedyfurther improved his foreign affairs record in 1963, which would turn out to behis final year in office. In June he gave an innovative foreign policy speechcalling for an end to the cold war. The U.S. and Soviet Union agreed toestablish a hot line to allow communication in times of crisis. InJuly Kennedy worked out a nuclear test-ban treaty with the Soviet Union andGreat Britain. Another Kennedy project, The Alliance for Progress, a program ofaid for Latin America, was also a popular success. These accomplishments,however, were overshadowsed by the worsening situation in South Vietnam, whereKennedy had placed 17,000 U.S. military advisers to help an unstable regimefight a growing Communist movement. Kennedys wit and charm made him verypopular in the U.S. as well as abroad, but it did not help him greatly with arepublican majority congress. Due to the lack of democratic support in congressmost of his domestic policies stalled on Capital Hill. Every presidentmust endure a gap between what he would like and what is possible, Kennedyonce remarked at a press conference. When the civil rights movement began tostregthen in 1962-63 he began to actively promote civil rights legislation. Healso proposed a tax cut to stimulate the economy. However, at the time of hisassassination these and other programs including federal aid to education andMedicare remained tied up in congress. Kennedys successor, Lyndon Johnson,would go on to succussfully push the legislation through a more democratfriendly congress in 1964-65. He had better luck with executive actions as hewas able to successfully force steel companies into lowering prices in April1962 and to encourage the race to send an astronaut to the moon. Kennedyresponded strongly against efforts to prevent school integration in the South. Patriarchal Subordination of Women EssayIn September 1962, he appealed for compliance with the law when U.S. SupremeCourt ordered the University of Mississippi to accept a black student. Kennedyordered 3,000 federal troops to the campus to control riots and ensure that theorder was followed. In 1963 Kennedy threatened federal force to help win partialdesegregation of public accommodations in Birmingham, Alabama, and of classroomsin Alabama public schools. Kennedy also asked Congress for legislation todesegregate public facilities and give the Justice Department the authority tobring school integration suits. Most of his proposals ultimately enacted,following his death, in the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In the fall of 1963Kennedy began to plan his strategy for reelection. He flew around the countrycampaigning, using the improvements in relations between the U.S. and SovietUnion as his strongest selling point, to generally favorable public responses. On November 22, at 12:30 PM CST, Kennedy was shot in the head and spin by asniper while riding in an open limousine through Dallas, Texas. Following theincided he was rushed to Parkland Memorial Hospital, where efforts to revive himfailed. A commission headed by Chief Justice Earl Warren concluded in September1964 that the lone assassin was Lee Harvey Oswald. Oswald was captured shortlyfollowing the assassination and killed two days later by Jack Ruby. The statefuneral of President Kennedy was watched on television by millions around theworld. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery where his grave is next toan internal flame in his memory. Despite the conclusion of the commission manyquestions and conspiracy theories still surround Kennedys death. In the historyof our country no other president has captured the imaginations and hearts ofAmericans more so than John F. Kennedy. His charisma and flare for life in thelime light were able to far outshine his shortcomings and failure s as both aperson and a president. Kennedys impact on U.S. history is still felt today. Many politicans are still trying to recreate Camelot, the mysticalphilosphy that made John Kennedy one of the most liked and popular presidents inhistory. The pursuit to recreate Camelot and later the fear of a second comingof Camelot overcame one of Kennedys cheif rivals, Richard Nixon. Nixon, likeeveryone else in American society at the time, was fooled into buying into theidea of John Kennedy, handsome man of morals and principle, ideal family man,the personifcation of the American dream. While much of this may be true, todayhistory shows us that Kennedy too had his shortcomings. Regardless of what theturth may be, the legacy of John Kennedy and Camelot live on todayand have solidified J.F.K. as one of the most storied figures in U.S. History.

Extension of Anxiety and Uncertainty Management †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Extension of Anxiety and Uncertainty Management. Answer: Introduction: One of the most important skills that a person can hone is communication. The capability to communicate clearly and effectively in personal and professional environment and outside ones comfort zone may appear challenging enough. However, it allows an accurate representation of the idea that a person wants to convey. There are two aspects of communication that hold true irrespective of the setting the person is in: verbal and nonverbal communication. This reflective essay will help me analyse my communication skills based on evidences I have gathered by using 5 diagnostic tools related to communication that are presented hereafter. The essay will illustrate 2 major communication issues, which will be identified from the diagnostic tool results. Moreover, this essay will also elaborate on a literature review that focuses on essential theories related to communication issues. This reflection process will help me gain practice in communication assessments and will also include an action plan that I intend to utilize in future. 5 different diagnostic tools have been used to help me analyse my communication drawbacks in different environment. The first tool I used was based on Personal Report of Intercultural Communication Apprehension (PRICA-24). This tool is based on an instrument that measures apprehensions or uneasiness associated with communication. The high reliability of the tool (0.90) helped me to obtain sub-scores related to dyadic interaction, public speaking, large and small groups (Blume, Baldwin Ryan, 2013). I measured my degree of agreement and disagreement with the 24 statements present in the tool. The second tool I used was Self Perceived Communication Competence questionnaires. It provided me information on how competent I felt in different communication contexts and among a plethora of receivers (McCroskey, 2015). A high SPCC score indicated higher competence as perceived by me. Willingness to listen was the third diagnostic tool. I responded to the 24 statements associated with the tool to analyse whether I was a good listener. Active listening is an essential prerequisite of effective communication (Goh, 2012). The scores helped me evaluate a high or low willingness to listen. The fourth tool used was Talkaholic scale. It measured the degree to which I over communicated in a compulsive and consistent manner. Scores aboe two standard deviations helped in measuring whether I was talkaholic. The last tool used was Non-verbal immediacy scale self report that described my behaviour to express positive feelings towards other person. The Self-Perceived Communication Competence scores of 88.75 for friends showed that I feel most comfortable in a one-to-one interaction with friends. Moderate score of 76.66 for groups and a 63.33 for public demonstrated my uncomfortable feelings while communication in large groups or in public. The 43 score of talkaholic scale showed that I was a compulsive communicator and could not control my talking most of the time. Personal Report of Intercultural Communication Apprehension score of 40 verified that I had moderate levels of intercultural communication apprehensions. The score 78 for non-verbal immediacy was low. Willingness to Listen showed a score of 93 indicating a high willingness to listen. I realized that there was a need to improve my non-verbal immediacy and talkaholic nature for effective communication. I always continue to communicate my ideas and opinions even when I know it is not in my best interest. This often leads me to trouble in situations where I should have kept quite. My peers and friends often become impatient and irritant due to this behavior of mine. This often acts as a major communication barrier and leads to misinterpretation of thoughts. My lack of non-verbal immediacy was reinforced by the fact that I always felt hesitant to express closeness, warmth or positive feelings while communicating with another person. I often fail to keep cultural differences in mind and use verbal signals that are often considered inappropriate. I would like to reflect on an incident that occurred a month ago, that helped me realize my shortcomings when it comes to non-verbal immediacy. I wanted to reach out to my friend who was distressed and upset over some family matters. My friend wanted emotional support as he trusted me and perceived me competent enough to respond to her worries with a caring attitude. When my friend started narrating the problems that she faced at home, he became emotional and started to cry. He was expecting some empathy or attentiveness on my part. I was should have given my friend a hug or a pat on the shoulder to provide comfort. I failed to respond accordingly. I leaned forward and tried to show attentiveness. However, I avoided eye contact when my friend cried, turned my face away and refrained from showing empathy through my facial expressions. My friend would have felt better had I held his hand to show my support. Failure to reduce his distress made the situation worse and created a sense of embarrassment. The second event was related to my talkaholic nature. The end of a typical day at my workplace usually involved all colleagues sharing their experiences of the day and what they intended to do on reaching home. Usually my peers say a few words about their daily experience and move on. However, when it comes to my turn, I continue sharing my opinion on my experience at the office, my views on religion, politics, family and friends. This often irritated my colleagues and it decreased productivity at work. The morale began to decline dramatically. This continued for several months till the day when one of my close colleagues called me up to a private meeting and discussed with me the issue. He explained that my compulsive talking was creating frustration among others. He helped me identify that when others stare out of the window, look around or fidget with their phones, I should get the cue that I need to stop talking. I was also advised by the friend to finish up fast while communicat ing or else other employees may complain to the management about my compulsive behavior. I understood that there was a need to check my level of talkativeness to advance my career. Literature review- Studies have established that compulsive talkers are self aware of their habit of talking past a point in all situations. The need to talk and communicate their thoughts become excess in such person and reaches an extreme level. The problems that others face due to compulsive talkative behaviors are most often not recognized by the compulsive talker and they do not find any damaging effects of this behavior. A twofold study was conducted to determine the negative associations that can possibly occur between the communication satisfaction of a student and the compulsive behavior of an instructor. The study also used a framework based on the Expectancy Violations Theory (Sidelinger Bolen, 2016). This was done to test the extent of negative association that was mediated by the credibility of an instructor and its effects on student satisfaction. The study linked low student satisfaction to compulsive communication on the part of instructors. Furthermore, four kinds of apprehensions in communication related to anxiety were identified by a particular study that focused on the audience involved, the context and situation of the event and the trait observed in the person suffering from it (McCroskey, 2015). Evidence from studies suggests that a person often become nervous by the fact that he will be evaluated or scrutinized by others. This leads to stage fright and the person experiences several emotional and physical changes that create a hindrance while giving a presentation (Vsl? et al., 2013). Combinations of psychological, social and cultural factors also contribute to making a person incompetent of speaking before public or groups. Studies have shown strong negative correlations between communication ability and its apprehensions in the context of public speaking (Fall et al., 2013). A particular study focused on assessing the relationship among ethnocentrism, intercultural communication apprehensive, communication satisfaction and uncertainity reduction during interactions that involved various cultures. The Uncertainity Management Theory (AUM) was proposed that predicted negative effects of ethnocentrism and intercultural communication on intercultural encounter satisfaction (Neuliep, 2012). The research utilized uncertainty reduction studies that were conducted earlier and divided participants into intracultural and intercultural dyads. Regression and correlation analysis negatively correlated intercultural communication with communication satisfaction. Intercultural communication competence and apprehensions were measured among Chinese international students in another study. The PRICA tool was used to measure the degree of apprehension among the participants. A significant relationship was obtained between Chinese intercultural communication apprehension and competence (Lin, 2012). The results revealed that age, gender or educational level don not directly influence such apprehension. However, the frequency of communicating in English language often acted as a contributing factor. Similar results were obtained by another study that investigated the variables the affected cultural adjustment of international students. The PRICA tools were used to measure individual apprehensions while interacting with people who belong to different cultures. Education levels, travel experience and language proficiency contributed to cross-cultural adjustment differences and led to apprehensions while interacting (Mustaffa Ilias, 2013). A particular study examined the relationship between learning preferences and communication apprehension in a workplace setting. The results suggested a correlation between concrete experience preference, accommodating learning style and low communication apprehension (Russ, 2012). A study examined the role of students perceptions of clarity and nonverbal immediacy of the teachers and their role on empowering learning in students. Structural equation results revealed that clarity and non verbal immediacy of teachers influenced student perceptions and improved their learning skills (Finn Schrodt, 2012). A similar study was conducted to the effects of nonverbal immediacy behavior on human-robot interaction and found significant learning gains among children who interacted with robots that exhibited more nonverbal behavior (Kennedy et al., 2015). Several studies have identified the effect of verbal communication skills in business performance and have evaluated their expressiveness, precise nature and aggressiveness (Wright et al., 2013). Most of the time, the expectations of a particular organization or industry are not met by the communication skills of its employees. Differences in cultural and educational background play a role in the business context. Nonver bal skills generally include expressing empathy or concern through facial expressions, listening carefully by leaning forward, using all forms of tough to demonstrate involvement, looking directly at the eyes of a distressed person and maintaining close distance. It was also found that an employee needs to identify the demands of the audience and make necessary changes in communication style based on ethnic and cultural preferences to gain benefits. One study conducted by Jia, Cheng Hale, (2017) demonstrated the positive implications of non-verbal communication on preventing conflicts and disagreement in workplace. Such communication skills increase the ability to interact with non-native speakers, thereby abolishing language barriers. People with such communication skills are more self-aware of the intercultural aspects in a workplace and are better able to appreciate differences between people (Cleveland-Innes Ally, 2013). Non-verbal skills involve expressing through nods or smiles. Several studies have shown that good listening forms an active part of business performance and client satisfaction (Malachowski et al., 2013). Active listening enhances the ability of the concerned individual to remember events, cope with others and garner cu stomer trust than the less proficient people (Bodie, 2013). Willingness to listen acts as a motivation and leads to better socio-economic development and increases the likelihood of higher mobility in the workplace. Research finds that less willingness to listen negatively impacts interpersonal relation and the overall wellbeing of an individual (Akdemir, 2016). Incorporation of this skill in business framework can influence a person to present personal views or speech in a skilful manner (Bodie, 2012). I have developed a 6 month action plan to overcome my communication issues. I would be maintaining a personal diary to keep track my improvements in communication skills. It will help me identify the areas where I need to emphasize more and would act as a good tool for future development. Moreover, I intend to attend an online training on verbal and nonverbal communication at TAFE Queensland to learn tones and words that will help me develop a sense of effectiveness and leadership. It will help me gain a deeper understanding of verbal and non-verbal skills that will improve personal and professional interaction. It would provide better outcomes. I will also read books to improve my verbal and non-verbal communication skills (Weger et al., 2014). I wish to enroll at a postgraduate course at the University of Queensland on Language and Intercultural Communication. This course will help me learn the various aspects of communication related to cultural backgrounds and will assist me in l earning non-verbal communication skills and politeness. I also intend to take training on Active Listening offered by Professional Development Training in Sydney, Melbourne. It will help me to develop crucial skills like attentive listening, and showing interest. It will also help me reduce my compulsive talking behavior (Figure 1). Thus, it can be concluded that the essay elaborated on 5 key communication diagnostic tools that helped me gather knowledge on my communication issues. My communication shortcomings directly affect my workplace performance and disturb interpersonal communication. By taking cues from the evidences provided by several studies, I have finally developed an action plan for improvising my communication incapabilities. References Akdemir, A. S. (2016). The Development and Validation of Willingness-to-Listen in L2 (WTL) Scale.PASAA: Journal of Language Teaching and Learning in Thailand,51, 127-154. Blume, B. D., Baldwin, T. T., Ryan, K. C. (2013). Communication apprehension: A barrier to students' leadership, adaptability, and multicultural appreciation.Academy of Management Learning Education,12(2), 158-172. Bodie, G. D. (2012). Listening as positive communication.The positive side of interpersonal communication, 109-125. Bodie, G. D. (2013). Issues in the measurement of listening.Communication Research Reports,30(1), 76-84. Byrne, M., Flood, B., Shanahan, D. (2012). A qualitative exploration of oral communication apprehension.Accounting Education,21(6), 565-581. Cleveland-Innes, M., Ally, M. (2013). Affective learning outcomes in workplace training: A test of synchronous vs. asynchronous online learning environments.Canadian Journal of University Continuing Education,30(1). Fall, L. T., Kelly, S., MacDonald, P., Primm, C., Holmes, W. (2013). Intercultural communication apprehension and emotional intelligence in higher education: Preparing business students for career success.Business Communication Quarterly,76(4), 412-426. Finn, A. N., Schrodt, P. (2012). Students' perceived understanding mediates the effects of teacher clarity and nonverbal immediacy on learner empowerment.Communication Education,61(2), 111-130. Goh, E. C. (2012). Integrating mindfulness and reflection in the teaching and learning of listening skills for undergraduate social work students in Singapore.Social Work Education,31(5), 587-604. Jia, M., Cheng, J., Hale, C. L. (2017). Workplace Emotion and Communication: Supervisor Nonverbal Immediacy, Employees Emotion Experience, and Their Communication Motives.Management Communication Quarterly,31(1), 69-87. Kennedy, J., Baxter, P., Senft, E., Belpaeme, T. (2015, October). Higher nonverbal immediacy leads to greater learning gains in child-robot tutoring interactions. InInternational conference on social robotics(pp. 327-336). Springer, Cham. Lin, Y. (2012).Chinese International Students' Intercultural Communication Competence and Intercultural Communication Apprehension in the USA(Doctoral dissertation, East Tennessee State University). Malachowski, C. C., Martin, M. M., Vallade, J. I. (2013). An examination of students' adaptation, aggression, and apprehension traits with their instructional feedback orientations.Communication Education,62(2), 127-147. Mustaffa, C. S., Ilias, M. (2013). Relationship between Students Adjustment Factors and Cross Cultural Adjustment: A Survey at the Northern University of Malaysia.Intercultural communication studies,22(1). Neuliep, J. W. (2012). The relationship among intercultural communication apprehension, ethnocentrism, uncertainty reduction, and communication satisfaction during initial intercultural interaction: An extension of anxiety and uncertainty management (AUM) theory.Journal of Intercultural Communication Research,41(1), 1-16. Russ, T. L. (2012). The relationship between communication apprehension and learning preferences in an organizational setting.The Journal of Business Communication (1973),49(4), 312-331. Sidelinger, R. J., Bolen, D. M. (2016). Instructor Credibility as a Mediator of Instructors Compulsive Communication and Student Communication Satisfaction in the College Classroom.Communication Research Reports,33(1), 24-31. Vsl?, A., Cristea, I. A., T?tar, A. S., David, D. (2013). Core beliefs, automatic thoughts and response expectancies in predicting public speaking anxiety.Personality and Individual Differences,55(7), 856-859. Weger Jr, H., Castle Bell, G., Minei, E. M., Robinson, M. C. (2014). The relative effectiveness of active listening in initial interactions.International Journal of Listening,28(1), 13-31. Wright, K. B., Rosenberg, J., Egbert, N., Ploeger, N. A., Bernard, D. R., King, S. (2013). Communication competence, social support, and depression among college students: a model of facebook and face-to-face support network influence.Journal of Health Communication,18(1), 41-57.